Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,271,396

Block #2,271,396

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/28/2017, 5:31:20 AM · Difficulty 10.9536 · 4,571,018 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
94ba42c42440e3b31b66108e8e77ef0690a1a3779ea84dfaa066048d4595dbb7

Difficulty

10.953638

Transactions

9

Size

3.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af421a4

Nonce

238,617,921

Timestamp

8/28/2017, 5:31:20 AM

Confirmations

4,571,018

Merkle Root

a2b2f31273dd1485b69d5db71175a4767e026c80310f55c542dcc3503d3d607e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.962 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19625175748738144829…96187418392828020480
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.962 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19625175748738144829…96187418392828020479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.962 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19625175748738144829…96187418392828020481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.925 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39250351497476289659…92374836785656040959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.925 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39250351497476289659…92374836785656040961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.850 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78500702994952579319…84749673571312081919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.850 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78500702994952579319…84749673571312081921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.570 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15700140598990515863…69499347142624163839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.570 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15700140598990515863…69499347142624163841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.140 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31400281197981031727…38998694285248327679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.140 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31400281197981031727…38998694285248327681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2271396

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 94ba42c42440e3b31b66108e8e77ef0690a1a3779ea84dfaa066048d4595dbb7

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,271,396 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,983,725 XPM·at block #6,842,413 · updates every 60s
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