Home/Chain Registry/Block #858,455

Block #858,455

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/18/2014, 3:23:49 PM · Difficulty 10.9667 · 5,979,853 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
946d04bfd510519f523b612c157928acb37371e7517b94743e33f9cfffb4f5ee

Height

#858,455

Difficulty

10.966721

Transactions

8

Size

1.82 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af77b0c

Nonce

896,557,237

Timestamp

12/18/2014, 3:23:49 PM

Confirmations

5,979,853

Merkle Root

fee6516fcc0c12fa644b6d24426536f61458b6525aa4a1583a6a67091442b807
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.080 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10801170116959709463…12782380410109634080
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.080 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10801170116959709463…12782380410109634081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.160 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21602340233919418926…25564760820219268161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.320 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43204680467838837852…51129521640438536321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.640 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86409360935677675705…02259043280877072641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.728 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17281872187135535141…04518086561754145281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.456 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34563744374271070282…09036173123508290561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.912 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69127488748542140564…18072346247016581121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.382 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13825497749708428112…36144692494033162241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.765 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27650995499416856225…72289384988066324481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.530 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55301990998833712451…44578769976132648961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 858455

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 946d04bfd510519f523b612c157928acb37371e7517b94743e33f9cfffb4f5ee

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #858,455 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,950,739 XPM·at block #6,838,307 · updates every 60s
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