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Block #1,482,306

TWNLength 10β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Β· Discovered 3/3/2016, 8:12:31 PM Β· Difficulty 10.7268 Β· 5,362,411 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
943fd56d34be2cbf4d0ca1c4bb2a1d8c24d5420a8197f8351e1bd64cbceb4aa3
View on Chainz β†—

Difficulty

10.726820

Transactions

1

Size

243 B

Version

2

Bits

0aba10e8

Nonce

587,950,326

Timestamp

3/3/2016, 8:12:31 PM

Confirmations

5,362,411

Merkle Root

eb6618a8e4e9b8267bf6f2d80d98a18ecfff37d16dcf09c62b6cf34e534057f1
Transactions (1)
Coinbaseeb6618a8e4e9b8…6cf34e534057f1
1 in β†’ 2 out8.6800 XPM152 B
AdwKJkgS…L2zsc2ejALPu3s2c…EJXLjVFh
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) β€” it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.171 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
81715660160281187121…31192913733849529280
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Γ— origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 β€” Twin Prime Pair (origin Β± 1)
origin βˆ’ 1
8.171 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
81715660160281187121…31192913733849529279
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
origin + 1
8.171 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
81715660160281187121…31192913733849529281
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: origin + 1 βˆ’ origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 1 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
1.634 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16343132032056237424…62385827467699058559
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^1 Γ— origin + 1
1.634 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16343132032056237424…62385827467699058561
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^1 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 2 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
3.268 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32686264064112474848…24771654935398117119
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^2 Γ— origin + 1
3.268 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32686264064112474848…24771654935398117121
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^2 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 3 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
6.537 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65372528128224949696…49543309870796234239
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^3 Γ— origin + 1
6.537 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65372528128224949696…49543309870796234241
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^3 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 4 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
1.307 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13074505625644989939…99086619741592468479
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^4 Γ— origin + 1
1.307 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13074505625644989939…99086619741592468481
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^4 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin β€” the large number shown above β€” anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page β†’
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Γ— 3 Γ— 5 Γ— 7 Γ— …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial β€” that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Γ— Primorial (2Β·3Β·5Β·7Β·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp β€” CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors β€” those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial βˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1482306

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 943fd56d34be2cbf4d0ca1c4bb2a1d8c24d5420a8197f8351e1bd64cbceb4aa3

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help β†’ Debug Window β†’ Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,482,306 on Chainz β†—
Circulating Supply:58,002,146 XPMΒ·at block #6,844,716 Β· updates every 60s
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