Home/Chain Registry/Block #856,641

Block #856,641

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/17/2014, 5:44:00 AM · Difficulty 10.9680 · 5,988,755 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8a31fac0acfbf01357407e8530c0c953d09323a0afdb0cc7a7c63d5245dd6725

Height

#856,641

Difficulty

10.967997

Transactions

8

Size

1.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7cea3

Nonce

837,931,126

Timestamp

12/17/2014, 5:44:00 AM

Confirmations

5,988,755

Merkle Root

10a96c5132d70d6183aad71e58c6fb7fcfe553a783024b2824b33a493b699f0a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.999 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59996457363894511111…57521124653297157440
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.999 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59996457363894511111…57521124653297157441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11999291472778902222…15042249306594314881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23998582945557804444…30084498613188629761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.799 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47997165891115608889…60168997226377259521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
9.599 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95994331782231217778…20337994452754519041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.919 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19198866356446243555…40675988905509038081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.839 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38397732712892487111…81351977811018076161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.679 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76795465425784974222…62703955622036152321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.535 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15359093085156994844…25407911244072304641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.071 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30718186170313989689…50815822488144609281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 856641

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 8a31fac0acfbf01357407e8530c0c953d09323a0afdb0cc7a7c63d5245dd6725

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #856,641 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:58,007,615 XPM·at block #6,845,395 · updates every 60s
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