Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,946,103

Block #2,946,103

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2018, 3:54:03 PM · Difficulty 11.3970 · 3,886,076 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8417a7357e5cbae5f6ecb33de9271f77f350e830860f7ef0ac61831fc77ade71

Difficulty

11.396990

Transactions

25

Size

5.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b65a11c

Nonce

815,377,381

Timestamp

11/30/2018, 3:54:03 PM

Confirmations

3,886,076

Merkle Root

5dbf61d9a6e83276017d7d6c4420269b3c735d9b7116c7bd4777fa93a6472015
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.252 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62522027428314925104…23860854372592876800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.252 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62522027428314925104…23860854372592876799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.252 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62522027428314925104…23860854372592876801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.250 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12504405485662985020…47721708745185753599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.250 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12504405485662985020…47721708745185753601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.500 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25008810971325970041…95443417490371507199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.500 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25008810971325970041…95443417490371507201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.001 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50017621942651940083…90886834980743014399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.001 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50017621942651940083…90886834980743014401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10003524388530388016…81773669961486028799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10003524388530388016…81773669961486028801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.000 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20007048777060776033…63547339922972057599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2946103

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 8417a7357e5cbae5f6ecb33de9271f77f350e830860f7ef0ac61831fc77ade71

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,946,103 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,901,567 XPM·at block #6,832,178 · updates every 60s
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