Home/Chain Registry/Block #330,448

Block #330,448

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/26/2013, 4:21:18 PM · Difficulty 10.1703 · 6,469,859 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7741ff0c777ede74c01e9c66720b85795210a79f03a935c5b45f025199e7b7ea

Height

#330,448

Difficulty

10.170278

Transactions

12

Size

7.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2b974f

Nonce

7,539

Timestamp

12/26/2013, 4:21:18 PM

Confirmations

6,469,859

Merkle Root

d2de486211a36e31af1e61259ce1d672bb69b66430e377b33ec76597ff95b5af
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.388 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13887708726880306299…33045830212721145600
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.388 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13887708726880306299…33045830212721145599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.388 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13887708726880306299…33045830212721145601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.777 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27775417453760612599…66091660425442291199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.777 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27775417453760612599…66091660425442291201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.555 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55550834907521225198…32183320850884582399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.555 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55550834907521225198…32183320850884582401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.111 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11110166981504245039…64366641701769164799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.111 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11110166981504245039…64366641701769164801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.222 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
22220333963008490079…28733283403538329599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.222 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
22220333963008490079…28733283403538329601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 330448

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 7741ff0c777ede74c01e9c66720b85795210a79f03a935c5b45f025199e7b7ea

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #330,448 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,646,519 XPM·at block #6,800,306 · updates every 60s
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