Home/Chain Registry/Block #316,076

Block #316,076

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 8:56:14 PM · Difficulty 10.1241 · 6,482,546 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6c72c88f0e4a187171641109dd42cf1c652146223ecc0748acbc68cb948568c5

Height

#316,076

Difficulty

10.124124

Transactions

16

Size

5.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1fc696

Nonce

7,168

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 8:56:14 PM

Confirmations

6,482,546

Merkle Root

277046affd28c14a98211223cfdb6df018fe4bb538c52076dc55b764eb1fe8b7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.003 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50037494600509312136…69318448905684536320
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.003 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50037494600509312136…69318448905684536319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.003 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50037494600509312136…69318448905684536321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.000 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10007498920101862427…38636897811369072639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.000 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10007498920101862427…38636897811369072641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.001 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20014997840203724854…77273795622738145279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.001 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20014997840203724854…77273795622738145281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.002 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40029995680407449709…54547591245476290559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.002 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40029995680407449709…54547591245476290561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.005 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80059991360814899418…09095182490952581119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.005 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80059991360814899418…09095182490952581121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 316076

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6c72c88f0e4a187171641109dd42cf1c652146223ecc0748acbc68cb948568c5

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #316,076 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,632,994 XPM·at block #6,798,621 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.