Home/Chain Registry/Block #189,578

Block #189,578

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/1/2013, 9:48:03 PM · Difficulty 9.8734 · 6,611,084 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6bd0e91408ff236fbdb4e1f79ab5056caf4aac8be6acff997a76cb17e55d8488

Height

#189,578

Difficulty

9.873444

Transactions

8

Size

5.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

09df9a09

Nonce

1,164,767,111

Timestamp

10/1/2013, 9:48:03 PM

Confirmations

6,611,084

Merkle Root

662ae5650a1c411e15a998959dbe531891cf77b67f36e86850939a48a6b2e726
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.724 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17249643689713931110…70883594625885273600
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.724 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17249643689713931110…70883594625885273601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.449 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34499287379427862221…41767189251770547201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.899 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68998574758855724442…83534378503541094401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.379 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13799714951771144888…67068757007082188801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.759 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27599429903542289777…34137514014164377601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.519 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55198859807084579554…68275028028328755201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.103 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11039771961416915910…36550056056657510401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.207 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22079543922833831821…73100112113315020801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.415 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44159087845667663643…46200224226630041601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 189578

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6bd0e91408ff236fbdb4e1f79ab5056caf4aac8be6acff997a76cb17e55d8488

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #189,578 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,649,358 XPM·at block #6,800,661 · updates every 60s
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