Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,268,321

Block #2,268,321

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/26/2017, 4:32:47 AM · Difficulty 10.9523 · 4,528,214 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6b5739bae6884c586a275069493875d403e360c0cd657cc33e0a13050928404d

Difficulty

10.952293

Transactions

61

Size

18.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3c971

Nonce

1,662,764,342

Timestamp

8/26/2017, 4:32:47 AM

Confirmations

4,528,214

Merkle Root

840ee03f7c1ef6457692210e11d71f0097ac17cb3408912ce9b7163263a5d640
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.510 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15103103062067049317…40477482001935396400
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.510 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15103103062067049317…40477482001935396399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.510 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15103103062067049317…40477482001935396401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.020 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30206206124134098635…80954964003870792799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.020 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30206206124134098635…80954964003870792801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60412412248268197270…61909928007741585599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60412412248268197270…61909928007741585601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12082482449653639454…23819856015483171199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12082482449653639454…23819856015483171201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.416 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24164964899307278908…47639712030966342399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.416 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24164964899307278908…47639712030966342401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2268321

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6b5739bae6884c586a275069493875d403e360c0cd657cc33e0a13050928404d

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,268,321 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,616,277 XPM·at block #6,796,534 · updates every 60s
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