Home/Chain Registry/Block #3,514,791

Block #3,514,791

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/15/2020, 1:21:10 AM · Difficulty 10.9322 · 3,329,309 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6a79ccc81211cc599e60707f723a2843f470d2b0b4a6eea3dff64ae298e429f8

Difficulty

10.932182

Transactions

5

Size

964 B

Version

2

Bits

0aeea379

Nonce

774,941,496

Timestamp

1/15/2020, 1:21:10 AM

Confirmations

3,329,309

Merkle Root

cd60adc89d10bca80a0b159c9f9b95b76c2a70f11284a941d5f92675a436823a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.103 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
61035036635220139417…70280678524454626960
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.103 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
61035036635220139417…70280678524454626959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.103 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
61035036635220139417…70280678524454626961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.220 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12207007327044027883…40561357048909253919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.220 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12207007327044027883…40561357048909253921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.441 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24414014654088055766…81122714097818507839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.441 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24414014654088055766…81122714097818507841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.882 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
48828029308176111533…62245428195637015679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.882 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
48828029308176111533…62245428195637015681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.765 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
97656058616352223067…24490856391274031359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.765 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
97656058616352223067…24490856391274031361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.953 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19531211723270444613…48981712782548062719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 3514791

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6a79ccc81211cc599e60707f723a2843f470d2b0b4a6eea3dff64ae298e429f8

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #3,514,791 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,997,173 XPM·at block #6,844,099 · updates every 60s
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