Home/Chain Registry/Block #264,156

Block #264,156

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/18/2013, 10:59:58 AM · Difficulty 9.9649 · 6,535,852 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6a028cf679925b29a3258645a6df9cc6e79ee9dd2dc0cd6043d97cd468dd86ce

Height

#264,156

Difficulty

9.964876

Transactions

8

Size

75.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f7021a

Nonce

210,407

Timestamp

11/18/2013, 10:59:58 AM

Confirmations

6,535,852

Merkle Root

52dcae39f38a068adc480dee36676095dbf0a229bb820736a9cf726a5d2cf818
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.316 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63165402411391020118…52374656568999613480
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.316 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63165402411391020118…52374656568999613479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.316 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63165402411391020118…52374656568999613481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.263 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12633080482278204023…04749313137999226959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.263 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12633080482278204023…04749313137999226961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.526 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25266160964556408047…09498626275998453919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.526 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25266160964556408047…09498626275998453921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.053 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
50532321929112816094…18997252551996907839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.053 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
50532321929112816094…18997252551996907841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10106464385822563218…37994505103993815679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10106464385822563218…37994505103993815681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 264156

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6a028cf679925b29a3258645a6df9cc6e79ee9dd2dc0cd6043d97cd468dd86ce

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #264,156 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,644,120 XPM·at block #6,800,007 · updates every 60s
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