Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,996,261

Block #2,996,261

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/5/2019, 5:05:46 AM · Difficulty 11.2613 · 3,835,209 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
68db09c8b3e44026fee618b97b5d7500aca22be8f32b723c6fc853212b82e10a

Difficulty

11.261304

Transactions

8

Size

2.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b42e4ce

Nonce

1,230,228,498

Timestamp

1/5/2019, 5:05:46 AM

Confirmations

3,835,209

Merkle Root

13801b1d5484e554b3689a88c2fbfc3a2d55bf4ff043db03fd468d77918f6da1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.892 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78925406917935681290…20186183165705804800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.892 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78925406917935681290…20186183165705804799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.892 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78925406917935681290…20186183165705804801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15785081383587136258…40372366331411609599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.578 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15785081383587136258…40372366331411609601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.157 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31570162767174272516…80744732662823219199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.157 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31570162767174272516…80744732662823219201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.314 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63140325534348545032…61489465325646438399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.314 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63140325534348545032…61489465325646438401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12628065106869709006…22978930651292876799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.262 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12628065106869709006…22978930651292876801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.525 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25256130213739418012…45957861302585753599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2996261

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 68db09c8b3e44026fee618b97b5d7500aca22be8f32b723c6fc853212b82e10a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,996,261 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,895,851 XPM·at block #6,831,469 · updates every 60s
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