Home/Chain Registry/Block #457,370

Block #457,370

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/23/2014, 9:43:07 PM · Difficulty 10.4201 · 6,341,790 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
66f321043d6f8a665ba53d83032f850dd6d74e4fa4fe0beebfb36c0d3f3e577e

Height

#457,370

Difficulty

10.420094

Transactions

17

Size

7.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6b8b4d

Nonce

632,294

Timestamp

3/23/2014, 9:43:07 PM

Confirmations

6,341,790

Merkle Root

3700774b0c2fccc91712f1f905e5786cd22af88da455395d9597f74ae5f4afaa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.019 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20195606231827763688…06912778429221000000
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.019 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20195606231827763688…06912778429221000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.039 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40391212463655527377…13825556858442000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.078 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80782424927311054755…27651113716884000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.615 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16156484985462210951…55302227433768000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.231 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
32312969970924421902…10604454867536000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.462 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
64625939941848843804…21208909735072000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.292 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12925187988369768760…42417819470144000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.585 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
25850375976739537521…84835638940288000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.170 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
51700751953479075043…69671277880576000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.034 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10340150390695815008…39342555761152000001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 457370

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 66f321043d6f8a665ba53d83032f850dd6d74e4fa4fe0beebfb36c0d3f3e577e

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #457,370 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,637,314 XPM·at block #6,799,159 · updates every 60s
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