Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,648,273

Block #2,648,273

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/4/2018, 9:57:49 AM · Difficulty 11.7660 · 4,192,122 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6432f43333078754928cbcb9bb2571af0082bbcf9103766fdc2163c68e767b5d

Difficulty

11.766022

Transactions

53

Size

15.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bc41a0a

Nonce

930,295,838

Timestamp

5/4/2018, 9:57:49 AM

Confirmations

4,192,122

Merkle Root

9db098efad060246201a17797ab4acf7c9924dfde1152a6e9178597d0b7a12c3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14801113021636439474…17278470919525888000
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14801113021636439474…17278470919525887999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14801113021636439474…17278470919525888001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.960 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29602226043272878949…34556941839051775999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.960 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29602226043272878949…34556941839051776001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.920 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59204452086545757898…69113883678103551999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.920 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59204452086545757898…69113883678103552001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11840890417309151579…38227767356207103999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11840890417309151579…38227767356207104001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23681780834618303159…76455534712414207999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23681780834618303159…76455534712414208001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.736 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47363561669236606318…52911069424828415999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2648273

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6432f43333078754928cbcb9bb2571af0082bbcf9103766fdc2163c68e767b5d

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,648,273 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,967,481 XPM·at block #6,840,394 · updates every 60s
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