Home/Chain Registry/Block #81,016

Block #81,016

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/24/2013, 11:48:12 AM · Difficulty 9.2656 · 6,713,463 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6401e70d7d882fe1756e83f8e131fd09e7653ac5ff020b9d86bf2e1790c64662

Height

#81,016

Difficulty

9.265601

Transactions

5

Size

4.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

0943fe67

Nonce

334

Timestamp

7/24/2013, 11:48:12 AM

Confirmations

6,713,463

Merkle Root

fbb81dd483ab81c4a659457240f03ea1ef5b3c576d44a23af7491fbaf487efd5
Transactions (5)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.760 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27607638931988524904…64876044365694115740
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27607638931988524904…64876044365694115739
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27607638931988524904…64876044365694115741
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55215277863977049809…29752088731388231479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55215277863977049809…29752088731388231481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.104 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11043055572795409961…59504177462776462959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.104 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11043055572795409961…59504177462776462961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.208 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22086111145590819923…19008354925552925919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.208 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22086111145590819923…19008354925552925921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.417 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44172222291181639847…38016709851105851839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.417 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44172222291181639847…38016709851105851841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 81016

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6401e70d7d882fe1756e83f8e131fd09e7653ac5ff020b9d86bf2e1790c64662

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #81,016 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,599,873 XPM·at block #6,794,478 · updates every 60s
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