Home/Chain Registry/Block #440,048

Block #440,048

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/12/2014, 4:03:10 AM · Difficulty 10.3513 · 6,360,179 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
63f9b20792ed97d235b2d1ce8cc08e9f13b137ca526461dfcf0283bcff28fc57

Height

#440,048

Difficulty

10.351300

Transactions

6

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a59eec9

Nonce

197,762

Timestamp

3/12/2014, 4:03:10 AM

Confirmations

6,360,179

Merkle Root

cbe1545f60cc20ae8f6dcd5046057c31da488c3f515af6c9fdbc612294ca0ce9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.737 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67378449125330883913…93005312201954544640
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.737 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67378449125330883913…93005312201954544641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.347 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13475689825066176782…86010624403909089281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.695 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26951379650132353565…72021248807818178561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.390 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53902759300264707130…44042497615636357121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.078 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10780551860052941426…88084995231272714241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.156 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21561103720105882852…76169990462545428481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.312 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
43122207440211765704…52339980925090856961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.624 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86244414880423531409…04679961850181713921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.724 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17248882976084706281…09359923700363427841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.449 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34497765952169412563…18719847400726855681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 440048

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 63f9b20792ed97d235b2d1ce8cc08e9f13b137ca526461dfcf0283bcff28fc57

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #440,048 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,645,869 XPM·at block #6,800,226 · updates every 60s
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