Home/Chain Registry/Block #443,999

Block #443,999

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/14/2014, 11:13:57 PM · Difficulty 10.3455 · 6,368,417 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
63e15a91464d12230419744fdd6771a519a69418781d1a196d10ccd52336c8ad

Height

#443,999

Difficulty

10.345534

Transactions

7

Size

4.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5874eb

Nonce

111,328

Timestamp

3/14/2014, 11:13:57 PM

Confirmations

6,368,417

Merkle Root

69eadd5b152bba505c71ef603daabf9f86e3f871669448ea24f92e4ebcbef450
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.926 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69264416884870907231…46253415443821132800
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.926 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69264416884870907231…46253415443821132801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.385 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13852883376974181446…92506830887642265601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.770 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27705766753948362892…85013661775284531201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.541 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55411533507896725785…70027323550569062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.108 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11082306701579345157…40054647101138124801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.216 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22164613403158690314…80109294202276249601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.432 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44329226806317380628…60218588404552499201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.865 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
88658453612634761256…20437176809104998401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.773 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17731690722526952251…40874353618209996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.546 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35463381445053904502…81748707236419993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 443999

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 63e15a91464d12230419744fdd6771a519a69418781d1a196d10ccd52336c8ad

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #443,999 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,743,356 XPM·at block #6,812,415 · updates every 60s
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