Home/Chain Registry/Block #146,028

Block #146,028

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/2/2013, 6:15:04 AM · Difficulty 9.8465 · 6,646,797 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5e9edb74b9667a1b7c6f57b7eba1150e42cb9f4f0ed931fe8435fbafbc49ec22

Height

#146,028

Difficulty

9.846517

Transactions

6

Size

2.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

09d8b55d

Nonce

84,692

Timestamp

9/2/2013, 6:15:04 AM

Confirmations

6,646,797

Merkle Root

7b8e0f5dc3db9840b40e1d36cea924990b4e6331c233120abdfee771dd771ee5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.507 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15077566306216356785…75322617095985301760
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.507 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15077566306216356785…75322617095985301759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.507 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15077566306216356785…75322617095985301761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.015 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30155132612432713571…50645234191970603519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.015 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30155132612432713571…50645234191970603521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.031 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60310265224865427143…01290468383941207039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.031 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60310265224865427143…01290468383941207041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.206 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12062053044973085428…02580936767882414079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.206 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12062053044973085428…02580936767882414081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.412 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24124106089946170857…05161873535764828159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 146028

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 5e9edb74b9667a1b7c6f57b7eba1150e42cb9f4f0ed931fe8435fbafbc49ec22

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #146,028 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,586,584 XPM·at block #6,792,824 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.