Home/Chain Registry/Block #218,644

Block #218,644

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/20/2013, 1:36:48 AM · Difficulty 9.9308 · 6,582,062 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5b7e8a9e6cd1deecceb13553221cda9558392f1245a42f2d3e15454a186c9a01

Height

#218,644

Difficulty

9.930849

Transactions

5

Size

1.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ee4c22

Nonce

332,966

Timestamp

10/20/2013, 1:36:48 AM

Confirmations

6,582,062

Merkle Root

35e8f71498d26f80fc533e08d460bd2c61b5f343be67943bdbd7b86a2611943a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.714 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
67141628147195510098…57438616700115102570
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.714 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
67141628147195510098…57438616700115102571
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13428325629439102019…14877233400230205141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.685 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26856651258878204039…29754466800460410281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.371 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53713302517756408078…59508933600920820561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.074 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10742660503551281615…19017867201841641121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.148 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21485321007102563231…38035734403683282241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.297 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
42970642014205126462…76071468807366564481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.594 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
85941284028410252925…52142937614733128961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.718 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17188256805682050585…04285875229466257921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.437 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34376513611364101170…08571750458932515841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 218644

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 5b7e8a9e6cd1deecceb13553221cda9558392f1245a42f2d3e15454a186c9a01

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #218,644 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,649,714 XPM·at block #6,800,705 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.