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Block #472,015

TWNLength 10β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Β· Discovered 4/2/2014, 11:49:17 PM Β· Difficulty 10.4351 Β· 6,339,687 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4f909320a65de1615b084f419073f3c90e60fbba1761915d7789a09e4e84cd70
View on Chainz β†—

Height

#472,015

Difficulty

10.435136

Transactions

1

Size

207 B

Version

2

Bits

0a6f651a

Nonce

9

Timestamp

4/2/2014, 11:49:17 PM

Confirmations

6,339,687

Merkle Root

fe947ccb03222b4656821726d348d95b3fd4bf2bbe72b0cf39f84253bf099c86
Transactions (1)
Coinbasefe947ccb03222b…f84253bf099c86
1 in β†’ 1 out9.1700 XPM116 B
AbwWkWZt…kawDhufa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) β€” it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.650 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16503189692722245515…42472892515959666300
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Γ— origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 β€” Twin Prime Pair (origin Β± 1)
origin βˆ’ 1
1.650 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16503189692722245515…42472892515959666299
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
origin + 1
1.650 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16503189692722245515…42472892515959666301
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: origin + 1 βˆ’ origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 1 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
3.300 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33006379385444491031…84945785031919332599
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^1 Γ— origin + 1
3.300 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33006379385444491031…84945785031919332601
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^1 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 2 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
6.601 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66012758770888982062…69891570063838665199
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^2 Γ— origin + 1
6.601 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66012758770888982062…69891570063838665201
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^2 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 3 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
1.320 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13202551754177796412…39783140127677330399
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^3 Γ— origin + 1
1.320 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13202551754177796412…39783140127677330401
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^3 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 4 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
2.640 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26405103508355592825…79566280255354660799
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^4 Γ— origin + 1
2.640 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26405103508355592825…79566280255354660801
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^4 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin β€” the large number shown above β€” anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page β†’
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Γ— 3 Γ— 5 Γ— 7 Γ— …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial β€” that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Γ— Primorial (2Β·3Β·5Β·7Β·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp β€” CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors β€” those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial βˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 472015

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 4f909320a65de1615b084f419073f3c90e60fbba1761915d7789a09e4e84cd70

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help β†’ Debug Window β†’ Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #472,015 on Chainz β†—
Circulating Supply:57,737,726 XPMΒ·at block #6,811,701 Β· updates every 60s
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AQZeJoQ81VgeHQBpEYTgvNqV1gnz3L5SvK

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