Home/Chain Registry/Block #228,734

Block #228,734

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/26/2013, 5:08:34 PM · Difficulty 9.9381 · 6,572,717 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
45ed0be754f6ee6596044aa74e02bcdd8db2b64cb3465067baf8ccdd626a3483

Height

#228,734

Difficulty

9.938054

Transactions

10

Size

2.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f0244d

Nonce

23,255

Timestamp

10/26/2013, 5:08:34 PM

Confirmations

6,572,717

Merkle Root

036415ef7bdfa34b2a9c595c5e3864d8cd101a8b26f9a10081bdd5d17f0872c9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.607 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
76078991658228487624…30644766262400096150
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.607 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
76078991658228487624…30644766262400096151
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.521 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15215798331645697524…61289532524800192301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.043 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30431596663291395049…22579065049600384601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.086 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
60863193326582790099…45158130099200769201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.217 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12172638665316558019…90316260198401538401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.434 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24345277330633116039…80632520396803076801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.869 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
48690554661266232079…61265040793606153601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.738 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
97381109322532464158…22530081587212307201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.947 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19476221864506492831…45060163174424614401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 228734

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 45ed0be754f6ee6596044aa74e02bcdd8db2b64cb3465067baf8ccdd626a3483

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #228,734 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,655,681 XPM·at block #6,801,450 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.