Home/Chain Registry/Block #158,821

Block #158,821

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 9/10/2013, 4:11:51 PM · Difficulty 9.8663 · 6,636,468 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
44bd9eaaf9af3de369d5e5100892bd1c18926793b4d7a3f99a0989a4eceb639a

Height

#158,821

Difficulty

9.866310

Transactions

10

Size

2.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

09ddc682

Nonce

8,164

Timestamp

9/10/2013, 4:11:51 PM

Confirmations

6,636,468

Merkle Root

8399bbf682582043ea295edacbbaed5817b6fa00240303432fdfd4ac460db4f3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.028 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40286155052524075498…08015115335405327320
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.028 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40286155052524075498…08015115335405327321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.057 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80572310105048150996…16030230670810654641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16114462021009630199…32060461341621309281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.222 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32228924042019260398…64120922683242618561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.445 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64457848084038520797…28241845366485237121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.289 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12891569616807704159…56483690732970474241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.578 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25783139233615408318…12967381465940948481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.156 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
51566278467230816637…25934762931881896961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.031 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10313255693446163327…51869525863763793921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 158821

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 44bd9eaaf9af3de369d5e5100892bd1c18926793b4d7a3f99a0989a4eceb639a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #158,821 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,606,362 XPM·at block #6,795,288 · updates every 60s
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