Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,265,194

Block #2,265,194

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/24/2017, 1:13:08 AM · Difficulty 10.9517 · 4,562,169 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3549e8f5f005ad56ec7a75dcd88f7fe9dcf42f30b54d2e7e0837bb8fa152c0a1

Difficulty

10.951735

Transactions

69

Size

21.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3a4e2

Nonce

1,737,611,599

Timestamp

8/24/2017, 1:13:08 AM

Confirmations

4,562,169

Merkle Root

d2fbb1a742e3bcff7978499b69728073059094731aad9563aac538d251be327b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.666 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16661432476597402374…61843294314611348150
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.666 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16661432476597402374…61843294314611348149
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.666 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16661432476597402374…61843294314611348151
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.332 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33322864953194804749…23686588629222696299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.332 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33322864953194804749…23686588629222696301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.664 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66645729906389609499…47373177258445392599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.664 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66645729906389609499…47373177258445392601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.332 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13329145981277921899…94746354516890785199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.332 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13329145981277921899…94746354516890785201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.665 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26658291962555843799…89492709033781570399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.665 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26658291962555843799…89492709033781570401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.331 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53316583925111687599…78985418067563140799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2265194

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 3549e8f5f005ad56ec7a75dcd88f7fe9dcf42f30b54d2e7e0837bb8fa152c0a1

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,265,194 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,863,004 XPM·at block #6,827,362 · updates every 60s
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