Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,351,846

Block #2,351,846

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/26/2017, 4:21:50 AM · Difficulty 10.8923 · 4,489,303 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3384404fa9d17489d73f8ad3e869de704058a6c8e802e95b159a61d64258083f

Difficulty

10.892329

Transactions

24

Size

5.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae46fb0

Nonce

942,683,997

Timestamp

10/26/2017, 4:21:50 AM

Confirmations

4,489,303

Merkle Root

c22010199e0b4859669adecff6ca062bbc0fca932d69c249e46aaca0e786e100
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.090 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10905272238221816457…15087016277380300800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.090 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10905272238221816457…15087016277380300799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.090 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10905272238221816457…15087016277380300801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.181 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21810544476443632914…30174032554760601599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.181 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21810544476443632914…30174032554760601601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.362 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43621088952887265829…60348065109521203199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.362 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43621088952887265829…60348065109521203201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.724 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
87242177905774531659…20696130219042406399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.724 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
87242177905774531659…20696130219042406401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.744 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17448435581154906331…41392260438084812799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.744 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17448435581154906331…41392260438084812801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2351846

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 3384404fa9d17489d73f8ad3e869de704058a6c8e802e95b159a61d64258083f

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,351,846 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,973,555 XPM·at block #6,841,148 · updates every 60s
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