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Block #471,438

TWNLength 10β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Β· Discovered 4/2/2014, 2:13:24 PM Β· Difficulty 10.4347 Β· 6,331,927 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
335053fd4e3287e52dbada9cc2ec08324a8bd49094e02fbc44e682d3552a7cc3
View on Chainz β†—

Height

#471,438

Difficulty

10.434744

Transactions

1

Size

206 B

Version

2

Bits

0a6f4b65

Nonce

184,549,574

Timestamp

4/2/2014, 2:13:24 PM

Confirmations

6,331,927

Merkle Root

5494efa7c10cdbb69c4f34fe5188ab963164e4bcfc5fe65a06b5a479192e7b98
Transactions (1)
Coinbase5494efa7c10cdb…b5a479192e7b98
1 in β†’ 1 out9.1700 XPM116 B
AbwWkWZt…kawDhufa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) β€” it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.182 Γ— 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41824672872253767084…81617971129974700960
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Γ— origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 β€” Twin Prime Pair (origin Β± 1)
origin βˆ’ 1
4.182 Γ— 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41824672872253767084…81617971129974700959
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
origin + 1
4.182 Γ— 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41824672872253767084…81617971129974700961
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: origin + 1 βˆ’ origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 1 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
8.364 Γ— 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
83649345744507534168…63235942259949401919
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^1 Γ— origin + 1
8.364 Γ— 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
83649345744507534168…63235942259949401921
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^1 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 2 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
1.672 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
16729869148901506833…26471884519898803839
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^2 Γ— origin + 1
1.672 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
16729869148901506833…26471884519898803841
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^2 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 3 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
3.345 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
33459738297803013667…52943769039797607679
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^3 Γ— origin + 1
3.345 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
33459738297803013667…52943769039797607681
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^3 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 4 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
6.691 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
66919476595606027335…05887538079595215359
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^4 Γ— origin + 1
6.691 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
66919476595606027335…05887538079595215361
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^4 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin β€” the large number shown above β€” anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page β†’
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Γ— 3 Γ— 5 Γ— 7 Γ— …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial β€” that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Γ— Primorial (2Β·3Β·5Β·7Β·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp β€” CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors β€” those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial βˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 471438

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 335053fd4e3287e52dbada9cc2ec08324a8bd49094e02fbc44e682d3552a7cc3

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help β†’ Debug Window β†’ Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #471,438 on Chainz β†—
Circulating Supply:57,670,957 XPMΒ·at block #6,803,364 Β· updates every 60s
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