Home/Chain Registry/Block #850,817

Block #850,817

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2014, 7:48:49 PM · Difficulty 10.9710 · 5,991,909 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2e263e60be1d3130b4da49766806a7213a04dbf6259a93c44762e6a96d51f398

Height

#850,817

Difficulty

10.971024

Transactions

5

Size

1.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af89508

Nonce

1,893,999,121

Timestamp

12/12/2014, 7:48:49 PM

Confirmations

5,991,909

Merkle Root

ff8704d8a7f2b5de31c6e1d72e146737a5ac62885c0944fd9fcb73cc807a86ca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
46583253339437932027…39375943253157150720
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
46583253339437932027…39375943253157150719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
46583253339437932027…39375943253157150721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.316 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93166506678875864054…78751886506314301439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.316 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93166506678875864054…78751886506314301441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.863 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18633301335775172810…57503773012628602879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.863 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18633301335775172810…57503773012628602881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.726 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37266602671550345621…15007546025257205759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.726 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37266602671550345621…15007546025257205761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74533205343100691243…30015092050514411519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74533205343100691243…30015092050514411521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 850817

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 2e263e60be1d3130b4da49766806a7213a04dbf6259a93c44762e6a96d51f398

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #850,817 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,986,147 XPM·at block #6,842,725 · updates every 60s
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