Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,610,904

Block #1,610,904

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/2/2016, 11:51:28 AM · Difficulty 10.6049 · 5,234,286 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2ce02dcf2aee09b8e4aae2a815fa31d26bb9a3135c51b4febd18be124e13f4fc

Difficulty

10.604878

Transactions

31

Size

10.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a9ad951

Nonce

531,382,755

Timestamp

6/2/2016, 11:51:28 AM

Confirmations

5,234,286

Merkle Root

5825f421717cfe7a24a3eace0c1a94b39342b28736748d3a695c4094c9cca628
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.568 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25682720558781742322…02778903148178270600
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.568 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25682720558781742322…02778903148178270599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.568 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25682720558781742322…02778903148178270601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.136 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51365441117563484644…05557806296356541199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.136 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51365441117563484644…05557806296356541201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10273088223512696928…11115612592713082399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.027 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10273088223512696928…11115612592713082401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20546176447025393857…22231225185426164799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.054 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20546176447025393857…22231225185426164801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41092352894050787715…44462450370852329599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41092352894050787715…44462450370852329601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1610904

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 2ce02dcf2aee09b8e4aae2a815fa31d26bb9a3135c51b4febd18be124e13f4fc

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,610,904 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:58,005,950 XPM·at block #6,845,189 · updates every 60s
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