Home/Chain Registry/Block #460,488

Block #460,488

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/26/2014, 1:34:39 AM · Difficulty 10.4162 · 6,380,592 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2305be35b2b534c6cba43a376efa0714c775c7a2247e00a0bc6a7665ce1d7aa7

Height

#460,488

Difficulty

10.416248

Transactions

6

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6a8f39

Nonce

138,284

Timestamp

3/26/2014, 1:34:39 AM

Confirmations

6,380,592

Merkle Root

103d4a4234086fa2d24a22373ae394cfa1fb0d489880e4d5c7ac1e8c4f355f72
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.799 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37993539360801986431…40268064681785054720
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.799 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37993539360801986431…40268064681785054719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.799 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37993539360801986431…40268064681785054721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.598 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75987078721603972862…80536129363570109439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.598 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75987078721603972862…80536129363570109441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.519 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15197415744320794572…61072258727140218879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.519 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15197415744320794572…61072258727140218881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.039 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30394831488641589144…22144517454280437759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.039 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30394831488641589144…22144517454280437761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.078 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60789662977283178289…44289034908560875519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.078 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60789662977283178289…44289034908560875521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 460488

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 2305be35b2b534c6cba43a376efa0714c775c7a2247e00a0bc6a7665ce1d7aa7

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #460,488 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,973,002 XPM·at block #6,841,079 · updates every 60s
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