Home/Chain Registry/Block #852,648

Block #852,648

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2014, 6:55:52 AM · Difficulty 10.9695 · 5,974,218 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1ca940801bd453f18dea3c6aeb481fbd8fc9ecf7790d6bd96f76a79bf7bcb46a

Height

#852,648

Difficulty

10.969456

Transactions

17

Size

4.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af82e47

Nonce

1,809,894,861

Timestamp

12/14/2014, 6:55:52 AM

Confirmations

5,974,218

Merkle Root

b97dee6a8de39f238ff775df9f15ada1872919b9537dae330ccb8cb48d1eddb6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.065 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10652686506044867452…36011375557647500800
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.065 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10652686506044867452…36011375557647500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21305373012089734904…72022751115295001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42610746024179469809…44045502230590003201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.522 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85221492048358939619…88091004461180006401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.704 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17044298409671787923…76182008922360012801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.408 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34088596819343575847…52364017844720025601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.817 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68177193638687151695…04728035689440051201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.363 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13635438727737430339…09456071378880102401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.727 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27270877455474860678…18912142757760204801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.454 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
54541754910949721356…37824285515520409601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 852648

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 1ca940801bd453f18dea3c6aeb481fbd8fc9ecf7790d6bd96f76a79bf7bcb46a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #852,648 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,859,090 XPM·at block #6,826,865 · updates every 60s
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