Home/Chain Registry/Block #101,680

Block #101,680

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/6/2013, 6:24:30 PM · Difficulty 9.4698 · 6,713,419 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6a14d6850be04e2319be95fe60ce3e27fa06dfb0a294f1b6978f6ab8b7c6dad0

Height

#101,680

Difficulty

9.469766

Transactions

6

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0978429d

Nonce

1,829

Timestamp

8/6/2013, 6:24:30 PM

Confirmations

6,713,419

Merkle Root

1317c48907f79847c9ad330ec96cefd6cb846c46e3d5a46437ac232dedb40067
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.625 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
16258883667483125576…19942237707135257910
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.625 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
16258883667483125576…19942237707135257909
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.625 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
16258883667483125576…19942237707135257911
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.251 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
32517767334966251152…39884475414270515819
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.251 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
32517767334966251152…39884475414270515821
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.503 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
65035534669932502305…79768950828541031639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.503 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
65035534669932502305…79768950828541031641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.300 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
13007106933986500461…59537901657082063279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.300 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
13007106933986500461…59537901657082063281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.601 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
26014213867973000922…19075803314164126559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 101680

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 6a14d6850be04e2319be95fe60ce3e27fa06dfb0a294f1b6978f6ab8b7c6dad0

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #101,680 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,764,881 XPM·at block #6,815,098 · updates every 60s
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