Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,770,931

Block #2,770,931

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/29/2018, 10:43:01 PM · Difficulty 11.6600 · 4,068,714 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0bd9b27f5af865494986195b9d19d8fd34d5797337036f8ed78c970e13163ad7

Difficulty

11.660005

Transactions

9

Size

2.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba8f610

Nonce

1,963,185,114

Timestamp

7/29/2018, 10:43:01 PM

Confirmations

4,068,714

Merkle Root

ca9b079bc9e7e90eba499e6087f5e2f1132abebb87c9ff318d5a095ee0c37651
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.397 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
53975521368594357274…41084252583496253440
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.397 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
53975521368594357274…41084252583496253439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.397 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
53975521368594357274…41084252583496253441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.079 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10795104273718871454…82168505166992506879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.079 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10795104273718871454…82168505166992506881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.159 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21590208547437742909…64337010333985013759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.159 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21590208547437742909…64337010333985013761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.318 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43180417094875485819…28674020667970027519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.318 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43180417094875485819…28674020667970027521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.636 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
86360834189750971639…57348041335940055039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.636 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
86360834189750971639…57348041335940055041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.727 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17272166837950194327…14696082671880110079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2770931

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 0bd9b27f5af865494986195b9d19d8fd34d5797337036f8ed78c970e13163ad7

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,770,931 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,961,455 XPM·at block #6,839,644 · updates every 60s
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