Block #394,145

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/7/2014, 4:33:41 PM · Difficulty 10.4338 · 6,415,711 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0c281a2443a07c615307cd35c814b788dbd47fe8e71a84c2c9375cc26ad2cc2b

Height

#394,145

Difficulty

10.433845

Transactions

11

Size

3.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f1079

Nonce

66,872

Timestamp

2/7/2014, 4:33:41 PM

Confirmations

6,415,711

Merkle Root

5650ce087018efb3af436da7cc4e59cfc94e9075a819f3957d7d1e7b15850b60
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.162 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81628464444959310871…60828094914102620159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.162 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81628464444959310871…60828094914102620159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.162 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81628464444959310871…60828094914102620161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.632 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16325692888991862174…21656189828205240319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.632 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16325692888991862174…21656189828205240321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.265 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32651385777983724348…43312379656410480639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.265 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32651385777983724348…43312379656410480641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.530 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65302771555967448697…86624759312820961279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.530 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65302771555967448697…86624759312820961281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.306 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13060554311193489739…73249518625641922559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.306 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13060554311193489739…73249518625641922561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,936 XPM·at block #6,809,855 · updates every 60s
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