Block #373,516

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/24/2014, 8:58:29 AM · Difficulty 10.4255 · 6,426,067 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9195775feb2587939715238fca0466e27255a904b42ddcb33e28ccb144348c96

Height

#373,516

Difficulty

10.425549

Transactions

10

Size

2.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6cf0ce

Nonce

709,275

Timestamp

1/24/2014, 8:58:29 AM

Confirmations

6,426,067

Merkle Root

a0cad613a8aad20cb0da6a8dd66d93d613ffd0f8472125531aa2f24582f154af
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.579 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
95791960334776420641…87647161648556351999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.579 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
95791960334776420641…87647161648556351999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.579 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
95791960334776420641…87647161648556352001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.915 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19158392066955284128…75294323297112703999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.915 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19158392066955284128…75294323297112704001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.831 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38316784133910568256…50588646594225407999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.831 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38316784133910568256…50588646594225408001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.663 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76633568267821136513…01177293188450815999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.663 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76633568267821136513…01177293188450816001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.532 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15326713653564227302…02354586376901631999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.532 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15326713653564227302…02354586376901632001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,640,714 XPM·at block #6,799,582 · updates every 60s
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