Block #314,847

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2013, 4:55:50 AM · Difficulty 10.0758 · 6,493,296 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c442ff9d5997ab50f61193e5727b7d81b9ecce6bc3e6823927de0e4877a7b682

Height

#314,847

Difficulty

10.075835

Transactions

16

Size

6.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1369f2

Nonce

3,292

Timestamp

12/16/2013, 4:55:50 AM

Confirmations

6,493,296

Merkle Root

9bd73d1d5a7ffe85306c2fd6ebdc393bd425d0e3d638cb04438c5a4ccffc237c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.934 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19340254873480805675…56836329016010666879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19340254873480805675…56836329016010666879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19340254873480805675…56836329016010666881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.868 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38680509746961611351…13672658032021333759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.868 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38680509746961611351…13672658032021333761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.736 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
77361019493923222703…27345316064042667519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.736 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
77361019493923222703…27345316064042667521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.547 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15472203898784644540…54690632128085335039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.547 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15472203898784644540…54690632128085335041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.094 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30944407797569289081…09381264256170670079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.094 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30944407797569289081…09381264256170670081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,187 XPM·at block #6,808,142 · updates every 60s
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