Block #307,897

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 8:06:53 PM · Difficulty 9.9943 · 6,517,699 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
27603086c0f7afe67d9ba7eada491f3c0abe5fc406137008839ed626cb8c3f8e

Height

#307,897

Difficulty

9.994323

Transactions

8

Size

2.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe8bfa

Nonce

17,666

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 8:06:53 PM

Confirmations

6,517,699

Merkle Root

5520852213de63a7fba9b00aa8bf7cce963b808a37c662f0704ae050916403a6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.428 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14285620610962547309…60019489741514879999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.428 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14285620610962547309…60019489741514879999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.428 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14285620610962547309…60019489741514880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.857 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28571241221925094619…20038979483029759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.857 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28571241221925094619…20038979483029760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.714 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57142482443850189238…40077958966059519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.714 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57142482443850189238…40077958966059520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.142 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11428496488770037847…80155917932119039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.142 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11428496488770037847…80155917932119040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.285 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22856992977540075695…60311835864238079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,848,868 XPM·at block #6,825,595 · updates every 60s
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