Block #291,655

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/3/2013, 7:27:15 AM · Difficulty 9.9900 · 6,516,604 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8d1f53738f7f179a3968b0ce8512ae84a29454e0a493a6af1bafd15712fe608a

Height

#291,655

Difficulty

9.989958

Transactions

8

Size

3.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd6de0

Nonce

95,065

Timestamp

12/3/2013, 7:27:15 AM

Confirmations

6,516,604

Merkle Root

52360aee0ed4ceae8e44805921287970280b6ac0a2db701d40ad1de8bded2dce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.876 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
38762956819392360616…77219289526546508641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.876 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
38762956819392360616…77219289526546508641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.752 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
77525913638784721232…54438579053093017281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.550 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
15505182727756944246…08877158106186034561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.101 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
31010365455513888493…17754316212372069121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.202 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
62020730911027776986…35508632424744138241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.240 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12404146182205555397…71017264849488276481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.480 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
24808292364411110794…42034529698976552961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.961 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
49616584728822221588…84069059397953105921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.923 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
99233169457644443177…68138118795906211841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.984 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19846633891528888635…36276237591812423681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,710,119 XPM·at block #6,808,258 · updates every 60s
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